Paul Langridge, PhD
Assistant Professor
- Augusta GA UNITED STATES
- Science Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences
An acclaimed scientist specializing in morphogenesis, CRISPR, synthetic biology, signal transduction, and cell and molecular biology.
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Biography
Dr. Paul Langridge is an award-winning biologist serving as an assistant professor in the Department of Biological Sciences.
Langridge's work has been published in several notable publications, including the "Journal of the American Society of Nephrology" and "Experimental Cell Research."
He earned his doctoral degree from the University of Cambridge and a bachelor's degree from Imperial College.
Areas of Expertise
Accomplishments
Student Internship Award
John Inness Institute
Roy and Diana Vagelos Precision Medicine Pilot Award
Funding award for a two-year pilot study to develop a system for devising and testing synthetic cell-communication technology for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The aim is to determine how synthetic receptors can be used to organize cell behavior and alter the morphology of a tissue.
Education
Imperial College
Bachelor's Degree
University of Cambridge
Doctoral Degree
Affiliations
- Columbia University Precision Medicine Society
- Columbia Neuroscience Society
- Genetics Society of America
Links
Articles
Epsin-Dependent Ligand Endocytosis Activates Notch by Force
CellDSL ligands activate Notch by inducing proteolytic cleavage of the receptor ectodomain, an event that requires ligand to be endocytosed in signal-sending cells by the adaptor protein Epsin. Two classes of explanation for this unusual requirement are (1) recycling models, in which the ligand must be endocytosed to be modified or repositioned before it binds Notch and (2) pulling models, in which the ligand must be endocytosed after it binds Notch to exert force that exposes an otherwise buried site for cleavage. We demonstrate in vivo that ligands that cannot enter the Epsin pathway nevertheless bind Notch but fail to activate the receptor because they cannot exert sufficient force. This argues against recycling models and in favor of pulling models. Our results also suggest that once ligand binds receptor, activation depends on a competition between Epsin-mediated ligand endocytosis, which induces cleavage, and transendocytosis of the ligand by the receptor, which aborts the incipient signal.
Inducible gene silencing in podocytes: a new tool for studying glomerular function
Journal of the American Society of NephrologyGlomerular filtration is one of the primary functions of the kidney. Podocytes, a highly specialized cell type found in glomeruli, are believed to play a critical role in that function. Null mutations of genes expressed in podocytes like WT1, nephrin, and NEPH1 result in an embryo and perinatal lethal phenotype and therefore do not allow the functional analysis of these genes in the adult kidney. Here is describes the generation of a model that will allow such studies. We have engineered transgenic mice in which the disruption of targeted genes can be induced in a temporally controlled fashion in podocytes. For this, a transgene encoding the mutated estrogen receptor-Cre recombinase fusion protein was introduced into the mouse genome. Animals were crossed with Z/AP reporter mice to test for efficient and inducible recombination. We found that, after injection of inducer drug tamoxifen, Cre fusion protein translocates to the nuclei of podocytes, where it becomes active and mediates recombination of DNA carrying loxP target sequences. These animals provide for the first time a tool for silencing genes selectively in podocytes of adult animals.
Changing directions in the study of chemotaxis
Nature Reviews in Molecular Cell BiologyThe guidance strategy of a cell varies with the chemotactic gradient: in steep gradients, cells produce pseudopodia directly up the gradient, but in weak gradients, pseudopodia are produced at random, with cells steering by favouring the pseudopod that is furthest up the gradient. Cells can also become polarized such that they maintain the same front end, even when forced to change direction by a changing gradient.
Mutants in the Dictyostelium Arp2/3 complex and chemoattractant-induced actin polymerization
Experimental Cell ResearchWe have investigated the role of the Arp2/3 complex in Dictyostelium cell chemotaxis towards cyclic-AMP and in the actin polymerization that is triggered by this chemoattractant. We confirm that the Arp2/3 complex is recruited to the cell perimeter, or into a pseudopod, after cyclic-AMP stimulation and that this is coincident with actin polymerization. This recruitment is inhibited when actin polymerization is blocked using latrunculin suggesting that the complex binds to pre-existing actin filaments, rather than to a membrane associated signaling complex. We show genetically that an intact Arp2/3 complex is essential in Dictyostelium and have produced partially active mutants in two of its subunits. In these mutants both phases of actin polymerization in response to cyclic-AMP are greatly reduced. One mutant projects pseudopodia more slowly than wild type and has impaired chemotaxis, together with slower movement. The second mutant chemotaxes poorly due to an adhesion defect, suggesting that the Arp2/3 complex plays a crucial part in adhering cells to the substratum as they move. We conclude that the Arp2/3 complex largely mediates the actin polymerization response to chemotactic stimulation and contributes to cell motility, pseudopod extension and adhesion in Dictyostelium chemotaxis.